You may roll over any extra funds to a Roth for the beneficiary up to $35,000.

A longstanding concern for more wealthy families was overfunding a 529. The SECURE 2.0 law addressed this directly in December of 2022. Owners of a 529 plan are now able to rollover assets to a beneficiary’s Roth IRA, subject to conditions:

The 529 plan must have been in existence for at least 15 years, Note that an open account with zero dollars counts in this timing.

Contributions from the previous five years are ineligible. Roth rollovers may not exceed the amount contributed and related earnings before the 5-year period prior to the rollover application.

There is a $35,000 rollover maximum over the beneficiary's lifetime,

The beneficiary must have compensation equal to or greater than the rollover amount, and

Standard annual Roth IRA contribution limits apply, in 2026 $7,500/year.

Crucially, the Roth IRA owner's income does not affect eligibility for the rollover — meaning high-earning beneficiaries who cannot otherwise contribute to a Roth IRA can still receive this benefit.